Why does English pronunciation differ from other related languages? This book addresses this and other questions by analysing a high number of innovative Middle English spellings. Stenbrenden explores the changes in long-vowel pronunciation, using empirical data to date, localise and interpret the beginning of these changes.

Unlike books familiar to us from print culture, every medieval book is unique, the product of individual circumstances of planning, execution, and history.

Will Google Translate and ChatGPT help us master foreign languages and better understand one another, or make language learning obsolete? This book addresses these questions and more. It is ideal for English language lovers and those on an English language-learning journey, and also technophiles and people wanting to learn about AI.